High Potassium and Sodium Levels - Nutrition

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INSULIN AND POTASSIUM RELATIONSHIP

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INSULIN AND POTASSIUM RELATIONSHIP.
Have you ever wondered why you need to watch the potassium level when you give insulin?
Or how glucose affects the potassium level?
In this video, I’m going to walk through the key things you need to know about insulin, potassium and glucose for your fluids and electrolytes exam in nursing school..
Here’s what we’ll talk about:
1. Potassium likes to hang out inside of the cell in the intracellular fluid (ICF).
2. When the blood glucose level is elevated, potassium moves outside of the cell into the extracellular fluid (ECF), causing the potassium level to increase..
3. Insulin forces potassium back into the cell, causing the potassium level to decrease..
CRITICAL THINKING POINT:
Serious complications can occur if the potassium level is too high or too low. So any time you’re giving insulin or treating a patient with elevated glucose levels, you must watch their potassium level carefully..
Come back to this video any time you need a quick refresher on insulin and potassium shifts in the body..
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Hypokalemia leads to Hypertension

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Hypokalemia leads to Hypertension

Aldosterone: Sodium and Potassium Balance Na+/K+ Balance Explained in 5 Minutes!!

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Electrolyte Imbalances | Hyperkalemia (High Potassium)

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What is hyperkalemia, and what are the key concepts the NCLEX wants RN nursing students and LPN students to know about fluid and electrolytes?
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Hyperkalemia is fancy words for high potassium, or high blood serum potassium. Normal potassium levels range from 3.5 5.0 mmol/L according to the NCLEX (NCSBN boards). Potassium is an electrolyte that helps the body’s muscles to contract, therefore in electrolyte imbalances like hyperkalemia patients experience tight and contracted muscles specifically in the myocardium heart muscle. Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia can include ECG & EKG changes including ST elevation, peaked T waves among others..
This video is part of a 12 video fluid and electrolytes series to help registered nurse RN students and LPN students with electrolyte imbalance memorization tricks.In this video Michael Linares, RN from Simple Nursing helps pinpoint the exact causes of hyperkalemia, which is expected to know for the NCLEX, HESI, ATI, and Kaplan proctor exams..
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Fluid & Electrolytes https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3NAm8UHLUnLJSqeCM_EJHXZ685sb67bn.
Heart Failure (CHF) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3NAm8UHLUnLEVzZvkdBX1IWHPg21Jobw.
Myocardial Infarction (MI) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3NAm8UHLUnLLJQsAIsQaHJiOvcLN1cUe.
Addison’s vs. Cushing https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3NAm8UHLUnKT3JBkVTN-hXbyULbPgWz5.
Diabetes Mellitus & DKA vs HHNS https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3NAm8UHLUnKxNrh1HdilzIIH9WM8JrLq.
Cardiomyopathy https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3NAm8UHLUnIeh0g_moaGLzXWiOh3fqdi.
IV Fluids: Hypertonic, Hypotonic & Isotonic https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3NAm8UHLUnIdjUfgMcAE1JIq6Nx29JRX.
Hypertension https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5zg95R8H1oo.
Hyperkalemia https://youtu.be/HdG8lqJzWi4.
SIADH vs Diabetes Insipidus https://youtu.be/hKFGGv0E-5A..
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High Potassium

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An introduction to high potassium to assist you in solving problems in clinical medicine..
The information contained in this video is not a substitute for medical advice. It is for reference only and should not be used to determine treatment for specific medical conditions only a professional health care provider can do this. You should seek prompt medical care for any specific health issues and consult your health care provider..
Content from our videos is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The views expressed on every video are those of Kenneth B. Christopher, MD and do not necessarily reflect the views of my employer Partners HealthCare.

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Water and Sodium Balance, Hypernatremia and Hyponatremia, Animation

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Body fluid regulation and sodium disorders, pathology, causes and treatment. This video and other related videos (in HD) are available for instant download licensing here: https://www.alilamedicalmedia.com/-/galleries/narrated-videos-by-topics/electrolyte-acid-base-balance.
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Water moves from the more diluted solution to the more concentrated solution from lower to higher osmolality..
Sodium, being the major extracellular solute, is the principal determinant of plasma osmolality and the most important regulator of fluid balance. A normal blood sodium level is kept between 135 and 145 mmol/L. Hyponatremia occurs when blood sodium falls below 135, while hypernatremia is when it exceeds 145. Clinical manifestations of sodium disorders reflect disturbances in water movement in the brain. In hypernatremia, high blood sodium levels draw water out of the brain cells, causing dehydration and shrinkage. Whereas in hyponatremia, low concentrations of plasma sodium drive water into brain cells, making them swell, causing edema. Both situations produce neurologic symptoms, which can range from headache, confusion, to seizures, coma or even death..
Hypernatremia most often occurs because of inadequate water intake, or excessive water loss or excretion. Water intake is regulated by thirst. When a decreased body fluid volume or an increased plasma osmolality is detected, the brain perceives it as thirst and produces water-seeking behavior. Impaired thirst mechanism is a common cause of hypernatremia in the elderly..
The body loses water primarily by excreting it in urine. Water excretion by the kidneys is mainly regulated by vasopressin, a hypothalamic hormone that causes the kidneys to retain water in response to low blood volume or high plasma osmolality. Impaired vasopressin release, renal dysfunction, and use of certain diuretics, are common causes of excessive water loss through the kidneys..
Fluid loss through the digestive tract is normally negligible, but can be substantial in vomiting or diarrhea. Sweat loss though skin can be significant in extreme heat or during excessive exercise..
Chronic hypernatremia is treated with oral hypotonic fluids, while acute or severe hypernatremia may require intravenous administration along with constant monitoring to avoid overcorrection..
For hyponatremia, treatment depends on the body fluid volume:
In low volume, or hypovolemic hyponatremia, both sodium and water levels decrease, but sodium loss is relatively greater. This commonly occurs due to loss of sodium-containing fluids, as in vomiting and diarrhea, especially when loses are replaced with plain water. This type is managed by rehydration with isotonic fluids..
In high volume, or hypervolemic hyponatremia, both sodium and water levels increase, with a relatively greater increase in body water. This often results from fluid retention in conditions such as heart failure, liver cirrhosis, or kidney failure; and is usually treated with diuresis..
In normal volume, or euvolemic hyponatremia, sodium level is normal, but there is an increase in total body water. This can be caused by excessive water intake combined with renal insufficiency, or syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion, which causes the kidneys to retain more water. This type is managed by restricting free water intake and addressing the underlying cause..
Premenopausal women are more susceptible to acute hyponatremia with severe brain edema, perhaps because female hormones increase vasopressin level, and inhibit the brain sodium-potassium pump, which pumps sodium out of the cell and helps maintain normal brain volume.

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Kidney Conversations: High Potassium & Your Kidneys

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High Potassium and Sodium Levels Causes. Causes of high potassium levels include chronic kidney disease, acute kidney failure, Addison’s disease, Identification. The basic metabolic panel blood test identifies high levels of potassium and sodium in the blood. Complications. Complications.Q: The potassium and sodium levels in my blood are high. What food should I avoid to lower it down?

How should I manage it? Sodium: -149 mmol/L (normal value-135-145); Potassium 6.7 mmol/L.Potassium balances the effects of sodium and helps keep fluid levels within a certain range. Your body should maintain a specific amount of potassium in the blood, ranging from 3.6 to 5.2.Potassium and sodium are electrolytes needed for the body to function normally and help maintain fluid and blood volume in the body.

However, a person can get high blood pressure by consuming too much sodium and not enough potassium. 1 Potassium is found.Your health care provider may order sodium and potassium blood tests as part of your regular checkup, to monitor an existing condition that affects electrolytes or if you have symptoms of abnormal potassium or sodium levels. It can also be a side effect of certain medications, like diuretics and antidepressants.Acidosis can draw potassium out of cells and into the blood.

High glucose levels, as can be seen in uncontrolled diabetes, can do the same. Low sodium levels in the face of high potassium levels can suggest a hormonal condition known as hypoaldosteronism. A complete blood count can also be a helpful screening test.Sodium and Potassium Levels For many people, the maximum recommended amount of sodium per day is 2,300 milligrams.

The adequate intake set by the Institute of Medicine for people between the ages.Chronic medical conditions can cause abnormal levels in potassium, calcium and sodium, but if you exercise on a frequent basis, you may be susceptible to the effects of electrolyte imbalance as well. As you exercise, your body gives off sweat.

This falsely raises the amount of potassium in the blood sample, even though the potassium level in your body is actually normal. When this is suspected, a repeat blood sample is done. The most common cause of genuinely high potassium (hyperkalemia) is related to your kidneys, such a.High potassium levels usually develop slowly over weeks or months.

This can lead to feelings of fatigue or nausea. If your potassium spikes suddenly, you.A potassium level higher than 5.5 mmol/L is critically high, and a potassium level over 6 mmol/L can be life-threatening. Small variations in ranges may be possible depending on the laboratory.

The oil analysis report we received from our lab showed elevated levels of sodium and potassium in our engine oil. This oil has also become significantly thicker. What could be causing this to occur? There are multiple sources for the sodium found in your diesel engine oil.Results.

Figure 1 shows the mean sodium and potassium levels of all the samples in relation to the various days’ readings. It shows a gradual consistent reduction in sodium concentration having reduced from a mean of 155mmol/l to 145.04mmol/l, a change of approximately 10mmol/l over the 20-day period.As your adrenal glands fail, these hormone levels fall to abnormal levels.

Inadequate production of aldosterone leads to low sodium and high potassium levels. The primary treatment for Addison disease is hormone replacement.Interpreting and managing a laboratory result of abnormal sodium or potassium levels is a common scenario in general practice. Electrolyte imbalances are more common in older people and in people with co-morbidities.

The immediate cause of the imbalance.

List of related literature:

With industrialization and increased consumption of processed foods, which often have high-sodium and low-potassium content, there have been dramatic increases in sodium intake and decreases in potassium intake.
fromGuyton & Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology E-Book: A South Asian Edition by Mario Dr Vaz, Tony Dr Raj, Kurpad Dr Anura Elsevier Health Sciences, 2016
Potassium levels are usually high but may be normal during an attack.
fromBraunwald’s Heart Disease E-Book: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine by Robert O. Bonow, Douglas L. Mann, et. al. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2011
Episodes are triggered by high potassium foods and may occur when the patient is resting about 20 to 30 minutes after exercise.
fromNeuromuscular Disorders: Management and Treatment E-Book by Tulio E. Bertorini Elsevier Health Sciences, 2010
4 Processed foods are high in sodium and fairly high in potassium.
fromMosby’s Review Questions for the NCLEX-RN Exam E-Book by Patricia M. Nugent, Judith S. Green, et. al. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2010
Many foods high in potassium are also low in sodium.
fromMedical-surgical Nursing: An Integrated Approach by Lois White, Gena Duncan Delmar Thomson Learning, 2002
Clinical studies have shown that a diet high in sodium (salt) accompanied by low consumption of foods containing potassium influence blood volume and tend to raise blood pressure.
fromProblem-Free Diabetes: Controlling Diabetes With the Help of The Power of Your Metabolism by Frank Suarez Frank Suarez, 2016
Ideally your potassium intake should be higher than your sodium intake.
fromThe Warrior Diet: Switch on Your Biological Powerhouse for High Energy, Explosive Strength, and a Leaner, Harder Body by Ori Hofmekler North Atlantic Books, 2007
Potassium levels generally are high during an attack.
fromNeurology in Clinical Practice by Robert B. Daroff, Gerald M Fenichel, et. al. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2012
Potassium levels may be normal, low or elevated during attacks.
fromPediatric Critical Care Study Guide: Text and Review by Steven E. Lucking, Frank A. Maffei, et. al. Springer London, 2012
Most patients with these levels do not develop these problems, but it is important to correct a low or high potassium level as soon as possible.
from100 Questions & Answers About Kidney Dialysis by Lawrence E. Stam Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2009